What is Melasma?

Melasma is a condition in which brown or gray spots appear on the skin, usually on areas such as the face, forehead, cheeks and chin. The main causes are usually sun exposure and hormonal changes. Conditions such as pregnancy, birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy can cause hormonal changes and increase the risk of melasma. In addition, genetic predisposition may also play a role. 

Melasma treatment usually involves the following steps: 

1. Use of Sunscreen: The sun's rays can cause melasma spots to become more prominent. Therefore, it is important to use sunscreen. A broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF protects the skin against UV rays.
2. Skin Lightening Products: Skin lightening creams or lotions can help lighten the color of melasma spots. These products usually contain hydroquinone, vitamin C, azelaic acid, glycolic acid or retinoids.
3. Chemical Peeling Chemical peels can reduce melanin production by peeling off the top layer of the skin and reduce the appearance of melasma spots. This procedure should be performed under the supervision of a dermatologist.
4. Laser Treatments: Laser treatments can help reduce melasma spots by targeting pigmentation in the skin. Laser treatment options include fractional laser, Q-switched laser and IPL (intense pulsed light). 
5. Other Treatments Recommended by the Doctor: In some cases, your doctor may recommend other treatment options. This could be micro-needling, dermabrasion or other medications that help block the production of melanin in the skin.

Melasma treatment can vary depending on individual needs and skin type, so it is important to create an individual treatment plan with a dermatologist. Also, patience and regular maintenance are of great importance in melasma treatment, as results often take time.